Cybersecurity Mentors Podcast

Walkthroughs Aren’t Cheating: How to Actually Learn Cybersecurity

Cybersecurity Mentors Season 6 Episode 20

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Learning cybersecurity does not mean figuring everything out on your own.

In this episode of the Cybersecurity Mentors Podcast, Steve and John explain why following walkthroughs, tutorials, and expert examples is not cheating—it is one of the most effective ways to build practical cybersecurity skills.

Just like musicians, athletes, artists, and apprentices, cybersecurity professionals improve by watching others, repeating proven techniques, and putting in the reps.

We discuss how to move beyond simply copying instructions by asking why each step matters, predicting what comes next, researching what you do not understand, and documenting what you learn.

We also share practical walkthrough resources for:

• Offensive security and capture-the-flag challenges
• SOC analysis and Splunk investigations
• Digital forensics and incident response
• Threat hunting
• GRC and cybersecurity risk assessments

You do not need to create every project or lab from scratch. Follow someone who has already done it, learn the process, make it your own, and eventually help others do the same.

Mimicry is not the opposite of mastery. It is often the first step toward it.

Come hang out with us in the Cybersecurity Mentors Skool community. It’s free to join.


Cold Open And The Big Idea

SPEAKER_01

Could you teach me? First learn stand and learn fly. Nature ruled on your son, not the mind. I know what you're trying to do. I'm trying to free your mind, Neo. But I can only show you the door. You're the one that has to walk through it. What is the most inspiring thing I ever said to you? Don't be an idiot. Change my life.

John

Welcome back to another episode of the Cybersecurity Mentors Podcast. Today's title for this episode is From Mimicry to Mastery. And in this episode, I've been thinking about this for a little while, just thinking about how important it is or a great tool that you can utilize in any domain and security practically is the art of mimicry or copying or using walkthroughs to get practice and to get experience. And that walkthroughs may feel like you're cheating a little bit, but they're actually a great example of how to get the reps in by following along without feeling like you shouldn't feel like you're cheating. You really should feel like, wow, this is great because I'm learning from someone that has already gone through the examples and I'm getting that practice, right? And and a good story that I heard. I don't know if it's true or not, but um uh Hunter S. Thompson is quoted as saying or referenced as saying that he wrote at least part of the Great Gatsby novel before he started writing his own novels because he wanted to have said he wrote a classic novel or a famous novel, right? So he got that experience being a writer by literally copying a famous book, right? So getting the reps in of like thinking through how this person wrote things, thinking through how this person put things down on paper, why they used the words they did, why they chose the words they did, helped him prepare to write his own novels, right? And I think that's that's a great example of how we can do that. And and I recommend that you do take advantage of this. And I will personally say that I felt like it was cheating, right? If you had some CTF and you're like, well, I can't do that. I gotta solve it myself. I gotta make sure I'm the one figuring it out. Um, but I think that is it's really you can get caught into traps of, well, I don't know about this. I'm stuck, I'm stuck, I'm stuck, I'm stuck, right? And then you you miss that on the progress, and there's so many, there's so much stuff that's out there. There are some that are harder to find that we had a hard time, but we found some, but harder to find that are good examples of walkthroughs. Some are very strong, and and we're gonna talk about that. So what do you think, Steve?

SPEAKER_02

No, I mean, I think this is a good topic, you know, especially when we're talking about individuals um, you know, starting their cybersecurity journey or transitioning over to cybersecurity, you know, they're always looking for, hey, how can I learn? And I think there is a little bit of you know ego and pride and maybe not wanting to, like you said, you know, follow walkthroughs or just mimic uh mimicry and and kind of just like learn by copying what someone else is doing. Um, but I I I'm agree I agree with you. And you always say this, right? You got to put the reps in. Well, how are you gonna put the reps in if you're not, you know, if you don't even know where to start? And if you you know you need to find something and put those reps in. Keep doing practice makes perfect, just like in anything in life, really. You can't expect a musician or an artist to just come out and be amazing, right? They have to practice, they have to get better, they have to understand their craft. So, yeah, this is definitely a good topic to uh to discuss for sure.

Why Copying Speeds Up Learning

John

Yeah, and um let's talk about this a little bit deeper and this learning through this. And there's different domains that this is normal. I don't know why uh cybersecurity might and thinks it would be different, but you know what are some things that you think of that might be other domains that do this already?

SPEAKER_02

So outside of cybersecurity, like other groups, yeah. Um well, I see here on our notes children learning through imitation. And I have my little daughter right now, and she is starting to say, Mama, dad, she's saying no, and she's doing this with the finger because she's seen me do it to her. Like, no, don't do that. Um, so right now, like that that touches home because yeah, like little kids as they grow up, right, they're looking up at you and by imitating you, by mimicking you, that's how they learn. Um, now that's getting really basic. But I think even like um, you know, one of the things that you've talked about a lot previously is apprenticeships, right? You have someone who's considered the master, the know-it-all, the, the, the, the, the main guy, and people that want to learn to get to that level will come and learn from him, you know, uh, looking over their shoulder, um, taking the advice, copying, doing things similarly. I mean, that that's how you're learning. You're learning, you know, from start to finish from someone who has more experience than you, who is who has done this. Um there's a a a number of them. I mean, I touched on the musician, I touched on the painter, like all of these different uh groups, different individuals, different professions require you to learn from someone with more experience.

John

Yeah, and um I'm not a I would not consider myself a musician, but I can play a couple of things. Um and when I learn those, I I well one main reason I'm not a musician because I I really can't read music, right? So, well, how do I learn? I literally just copy and follow along with tutorials, right? And I don't have mostly I don't have to learn music, which is good for me because I'm not into that. But I do want to learn how to play whatever that song is, right? So it's literally repetition, follow along, follow up, you know, follow, follow, follow, repetition, repetition, repetition, right? And even if you do read music, you still gotta put the reps in. Like you still have to do that so many times and do it over and over again until your fingers, you know, get the the right rhythm and the right um, you know, finger positioning um if you're playing a string type instrument. So it just takes reps, right? And I'm not trying to write my own music. I'm just trying to find a cool song that I think is fun that I would like to learn how to play, and I will just rep it until I get it to where I don't have to think about it, right? Yeah.

SPEAKER_02

Well, there's a quote um that uh I so I did martial arts growing up. Um and Bruce Lee was a huge fan, like I was a huge fan of Bruce Lee. And um I would watch his old um interviews when he was getting interviewed and stuff, and there was a quote that kind of stuck about and I just looked it up so I wouldn't like like not do it justice, but it's like I fear not the man who practiced 10,000 kicks once, but I fear the man who has practiced one kick ten thousand times. And like that that's that's yeah, I mean that's that's it. Yep. Yeah.

Phase Two: Ask Why

John

So let's say you you follow our advice, and we're gonna give you some examples specifically at the end. So stay tuned. Um but let's let's say you follow our advice and you do walkthroughs and you do these walkthroughs and you repeat and you keep doing those to get the experience and get the reps. The next level is really asking questions, right? It's the not just copy, repeat, copy, repeat, copy, repeat. It's really breaking things down and trying to understand why. Now, some tutorials or walkthroughs or or write-ups will explain why they chose this tool, what the method is, and then you can use that to go by, right? Um, but really you should be trying to put yourself in those scenarios to ask the question, okay, they did this step. I don't understand why they chose that as the next step. Let me dig a little deeper. Let me go research it, let me go search Google search it, whatever, right? And try to find out more about the why behind the method. And that's like phase two, I would say, is as you're going through these walkthroughs and and mimicking those steps, is breaking it down and understanding the why. And and the the bonus tip is it's okay to then use this and document this on your own, right? So you find a write-up or a follow-through that you follow along and you do it, right? You can also document it yourself. Here's my experience you doing this. I followed this, you know, that's okay to say I followed this walkthrough, but here's what I learned from it, and here's my questions that I asked about it, right? Okay, I got stuck at this point. Even though it tells me what it says to do, and I understand that, I don't understand the why behind it. So I had to go do some more digging, and this is what I learned, right? And that's like adding on top of if you're worried about trying to come up with things to document and comment on your own lab environment, just copy everybody else. Just copy somebody else. It's okay to cheat. I'm telling you, this is the moral of this story, is it's okay to cheat, right? You just gotta dig deeper and document the what you learn from that experience. And it's okay to even say, you know what, I tried to figure this out and I don't actually understand why they did this step, but moving on. What do you think?

SPEAKER_02

Yeah, no, I I mean I think you definitely have to ask why. And I think breaking it up into sections um and understanding what, okay, this is this is why, you know, we're doing this and why why we took this step or why we're making this move. Okay, what would I do next? I think I would do this. Okay, well, let me hit play and see what they actually do, or let me go look and see what the next step of this walkthrough is. Like, there's definitely a difference between you finding a walkthrough or uh a tutorial and just literally like just copy, paste, moving step by step, not taking the time to think through why I am even doing this? Like, why is this important? What should happen next? And so the difference between that, just just just completely just copying what someone's doing, and like you said, John, breaking it up in chunks, asking why, asking the right questions, doing some research on the side, like that is how you actually learn, um, in my opinion. And yeah, you just keep repeating that, right? You just keep going through the motions until you get to the very end of that tutorial, very end of that lesson or whatever it is that you're going through, the walkthrough. Um, and along the way, you will find yourself that you have learned way more by breaking it up, even though it might take you longer than by just literally just copy pasting and just moving through the section without understanding why it is that you're doing what you're doing. Um, so there there is there's those differences. So we are not telling you to just go find something and copy it, and you automatically your brain is gonna download everything that it needs. That's not how that's gonna work. It's going to require you to take the time, effort, and you know, break it into chunks and ask why and try and predict, okay, well, if I'm doing this now, what should I do next? I think I'm gonna try this, and then seeing if what you think, where your thought process is going, if that's actually where this walkthrough or this tutorial takes you, and then you'll start kind of understanding, okay, I think I'm getting it, or no, I'm so far off. I gotta ask Chad GPT, why are they doing this? What should I be doing next? How should I think about this? And just using all the resources around you, right?

Walkthroughs As Real Life Cheat Codes

John

Yeah, I think about um video games, right? So when you get, we'll go to Fallout, all right? One of our favorite subjects uh in video games, right? So there's there's almost always some kind of quest or something you get stuck in in a game like Fallout, and you're like, I don't know where to go. Uh I don't know. Like they tell me to go over here and find this thing, and I cannot find it, right? Um, and you can you end up getting frustrated, you're like, you're like, screw this, I'm getting off this game, right? I'm gonna come back later. Um, and so what do you do? Well, a lot of times you go search, hey, I'm on this quest in Fallout. How do I get to find the thing, right? Um, and you'll find almost always a walkthrough where somebody has gone through that step and helped you figure out what to do for that. There are probably a billion walkthroughs for video games, right?

SPEAKER_02

Dude, I love them. Oh my god. I I I've gotten to the point where if I'm gonna play a game that I've never played before, I won't even start it until I find a walkthrough, at least for the beginning, from YouTube and I watch it and I'm like, okay, that's what's coming. All right, and that's what he okay. So he says, do this first, because then in the long game, it'll help you. Got it. Okay. Then I go. Like that, that's that's how I work. That's how I do things.

John

Yeah. You know, well, uh the game for honor, right? We played that game together. Man, and that one was so if you've never played this game, it's so hard. And you've tried, you've got these combinations, you know, you got your samurai, you've got your Vikings, and your medieval medieval folks, and it's literally like button mashing, and you're trying to figure out what what is the best combination? How do I defend against so and so? What's the best way to defend or attack or whatever? And um, I don't know how many tutorials I watched. I don't know if it helped me, but I watched a lot of tutorials, especially when you get your butt kicked and you're like, I am gonna learn how to do this thing, right? Um so I mean now those games are built knowing that people are going to do that. Back in the day, you had to go buy your Nintendo Power magazine to figure out how to beat, you know, Super Mario Bros. or or Zelda or uh or uh uh Metroid, Super Metroid, right? So you had to find something that, oh, what is that step here? I don't know how to get past this boss. Well, everybody does this. This is normal behavior. Then you go Google the answer and then you watch it. Now you still got to do it, but you watch it, and you're like, okay, this is what they did. They did this and they did this step, and then you know, whatever. So um, it's so natural in that world. It it should be we should take that example to cybersecurity because what you know, it's it's a cheat code, but it's a cheat code in a way that's gonna help you get to the end goal of getting your skills better. Now, the difference is what we just talked about, right? You got to understand the why.

SPEAKER_02

Well, I was just gonna throw in there, right? What does everybody say? What's what's the best way to learn something or to know if you actually know something? And that is to turn around and try and teach it to somebody. So try and, you know, think about this in this that same way, where you are finding something, whether it's a walkthrough, whether it's a tutorial, something that someone has created to try and you know, to try and help people, to try and uh, you know, to help them learn and use it, right? Use that, recycle it. Uh, you create your own, like John was saying, and that is how you, you know, that's another way that you can learn um by using something that someone has created. You don't have to recreate the wheel, uh, basically.

John

Yeah, if you if you if you were interviewing with us and you're like, hey, here's here's my write up that I did. Honestly, I followed along with this other person, but I made it my own. Okay, that's great. I mean, you did the work. You just had to put the time in. You put the time in, you worked through the problem. Um, right? What do you think? Yeah.

SPEAKER_02

No, no, no, I completely agree. And at that point, I as a hiring manager am going to be less focused on whether or not you created this yourself or if you followed along with someone, and more focused on, okay, well, explain what you did. Can you actually show that you understand what you have done? Yeah. Like that to me is gonna be more important than, oh, I copied someone or I followed along. Like, that doesn't matter. Right. Do you actually understand what you created or what you wrote wrote up? Fake it till you make it.

John

Just keep doing it, right? Get the get the reps in, and then you're gonna you're you know, naturally, the more you do a thing, you're gonna want to understand it and understand it better, right? So it's okay to start out by just doing the steps. All right. So we're gonna share one of each area, okay, that we've we've identified.

SPEAKER_02

So what are the areas we have here, John?

Which Cyber Domains Have Walkthroughs

John

So we got the easiest one, honestly, are offensive security, capture the flag scenarios. Those are offensive security. There's so many of these out there that you could you probably couldn't find them all, right? There's tons of write-ups on CTFs that are essentially offensive security skills. They're trying to hack things like hack the box. Um, there are tons of these, right? Then you start getting a, I would say the second most popular write-ups that are easy to find, easier to find are uh forensic analysis, DFIR. There's there are a lot of those because it's it's like, okay, here are the artifacts you need to identify. Here's where this did this, and then this did this. Those are easier. Where it starts getting more challenging is when you get to like SOC-type walkthroughs and threat hunting. Those are a little bit more challenging. And then the most challenging are GRC risk assessments. Those are the hardest ones we found to identify. Like, here's some actual walkthroughs, right? And so as we we walk through these and share and share some of these, we'll talk about why that is and some ideas to to get it to get around those challenges. But that's it. That's our first ones. All right. Well, let's start with offensive security.

Offensive Security: Hack The Box Guides

John

All right. So for offensive security, uh, you know, I think most people have heard of Ipsec, and he has a ton of videos out there on hack the box challenges that he does a great job, honestly. If you go through these, I feel like you can walk through them. He walks you through step by step what you know what he's doing and and even why he is doing it. Um and he's got, I mean, look here if it says how many videos. Um, it doesn't say, but there's a ton. There's a lot, right? He's been doing this a long time, and these are great. He just narrates them well, he edits them well. Um it's really, really good. I would say he's the top person I think of when I think of a CTF style hack the box type walkthrough or walkthroughs. All right, any any comments there, Steve?

SPEAKER_02

No, no. I mean I absolutely take advantage of all resources available to you. And if you have someone, um I I'm a I'm a visual learner, so I definitely have to watch a video like this to do a walkthrough to like to get it. Yes, I could do a walkthrough just on like a document, but that's gonna, I'm gonna have to tear my eyes out for that one. So if I can actually watch someone do it and explain it, I learn 10 times better, 10 times faster.

SOC Practice With Splunk BOTS

John

The next one is Splunk, Splunk's boss of the sock, B O T S. Okay. And um, this was you know, there's this was been out there for a while. I've talked about it before, but there are links to walkthroughs of boss of the sock bots where people have gone through the data, gone through and tried to Solve the questions related to the Boss of the SOC. And if you don't know what Boss of the SOC is, it's just a huge data set that is dumped into Splunk from many different sources that has basically all kinds of applications, all kinds of network traffic, all kinds of system traffic and system logs, pretty much everything you could think about in that you would want to investigate from a log standpoint. And we have a there's a link we'll share that has a specific walkthrough URL that you can go watch on YouTube and follow along with bots. So there's not a lot of these, honestly, that is a true kind of instant response type walkthrough.

SPEAKER_02

And there are, I mean, there's training out there, right? There's a ton of training out there that you can do, but we're specifically discussing is walkthroughs where literally somebody is walking you through what you should do step by step, maybe giving some information in terms of why they're doing what they're doing. Um that's what we're referring to. But yeah, in terms of training, there's a ton of training out there. But if you're not understanding uh what you're doing, what good is that training? Um I I competed in well, we competed in uh one of the Boss of the Sox in 2019, maybe. It's been a while. Yeah. We uh we didn't win, but we did a lot better than we thought we were gonna do. Yeah. Yeah, we we learned a lot for sure.

DFIR Reps With CyberDefenders Labs

John

Um from a DFIR perspective, there are a ton of these. This is just one example on Cyber Defenders. They have several, everything not everything on Cyber Def Cyber Defenders is free. This one is free and has lab files you can download. So I'm showing the screen for this one called Nintendo Hunt Lab. I picked it because it has Nintendo in the name. I don't know if it has anything to do with Nintendo, um, but it's also it has an official walkthrough that you can go and check out and it walks you through why you know what they're doing, what tools they're using to do this investigation. Um great steps that you can follow along with to basically copy and learn, right? So that's the DFIR forensic version. There are a ton of these, right? This is just one example. Yeah, absolutely. I would have picked that one too, just because it said Nintendo on it. So that's two. We've got two references to Nintendo in this episode. That's good. All right. Now the next

GRC Practice And A ChatGPT Prompt

John

one is one that was the one of the harder ones to find from a GRC perspective, right? Yes, yes. And honestly, this might be the only one that I have found that is actually for GRC. Um, we've talked about this in our school community before, but the GRC playground, you probably have heard about it. Maybe you've heard about it. It's it's not super popular, but um, it's free to start learning. I think they'll they may start adding things in here that are a little bit more in depth, but it's yeah, I like the way it it frame or uh frames the the why they started doing this, right? Is that there's is a lack of GRC. There's GRC training, but it doesn't have a lot of practice that you can walk through the steps and and actually do the risk assessment, right? Um so this one, I mean, it's free, right? It's another example of something else that's out there that's helpful. It's the look and feel of the website, it looks great. Um, I've walked through several of the little mission challenges, they're well done. So I would highly recommend it.

SPEAKER_02

Now, if you want something hardcore, something that's gonna make your eyes bleed, and probably spend $30, $40, $50 more on electricity, we have a Chat GBT prompt we can give you. Okay. Like John and I spent hours working on this freaking prompt. Let me explain how it works. Basically, it's a prompt that we will give you, but you have to be part of our school community. That's the thing. And this prompt will literally create a fictitious company, okay? And it'll create all of the data points that you would need in order to run through a security assessment. It will then run and do the security assessment itself, and then it then you and it work together to try and understand why for each item in the assessment it gave the grade that it did, and it gave the recommendations and it highlighted um you know what was right, what was wrong, what needs improvement, the grading, the scales. Now, this thing will take forever, okay? Because it like takes like I'm st it's still running on my machine, and we were we started running it earlier this morning. Um so it we we're we're gonna try and and and refine this a little bit, but it actually creates policies, it creates all the documents that like a company would turn around and give to you if you were coming in and saying, hey, I'm gonna run an assessment, I need all your policies. Like it's going through and creating every single bit of items. Now that is like some hardcore stuff, in my opinion. I'd rather stick with the what was it, a fox speaver that thing, at least to start with. But if you if you if you want some hardcore stuff, let us know. Send us a message on the in school. Hey, I want the hardcore stuff for GRC, Steve and John, and we'll send you that prompt, my friend, and say, God be with you.

John

Yeah. Um ultimately what you what it's doing is is building out everything you need to answer those questions. And then you want it to answer the questions, right? Do the risk assessment of what it generated. Hey, this is company, here's their market, here's how many people, here's how many customers, here's their whatever. Um, and then you have it do a risk assessment based off of that information. And it might be wrong, right? I don't know, but now you have something to review if you're walking through it, and if you are also gonna do those, those, uh, do the assessment. Now the next step you can say is, hey, create a company that I'm going to do an assessment with, and I'm gonna ask you questions about it as if you were that company. Hey, you know, how many employees do you have? How many do you have a policy for um account removal when someone leaves? Hey, you know, what do you do for multi-factor? And you can have it just answer those questions for you as if it is in that in that company or acting as if it's that company. Um, and then you fill out your risk assessment. And then at the end, you can submit it back and say, hey, here's my risk risk assessment. Here's what I I scored. Give me a give me some feedback on how you think I did. Boom, boom, boom. You know, so see where my gaps are, see what I missed. I mean, it is it is legwork to build it. It is legwork, but it's really not too difficult. I think if you did it two or three times, you would have tweaked and customized it to you what you're trying to do. But unless you're really doing these and and using something like the GRC playground, this I don't have a lot of other things to point you to. That's a that's a close to it.

SPEAKER_02

Look, we we re we researched, okay? We researched to see what was out there, and we were very limited to what we could find that we could call a walkthrough. Yeah. Right. Right. I mean, there's guides on hey, how to run a risk assessment. Sure, there's a ton of guides out there for every freaking framework you can imagine, but actually a walkthrough that will walk you through what you should be doing and why. Very, very limited. Yep, absolutely.

John

All right. Well, just remember that it's okay to cheat, right? Mimicry is the first step on

Give Back And Join The Community

John

your way to mastery. Um, these walkthroughs are a tool in the bag that you should be, in our opinion, utilizing to get better, to get experience that you build on to keep building your your um your skills ultimately. And it's okay, right? It's okay to learn from others. It's okay to learn from from what others have done. Just keep building your own and use that the bonus, bonus tip that really makes you stand out is when you start doing your own walkthroughs and documenting those. Once you get to, you know, uh brown belt level, purple belt level of like, okay, I've done enough walkthroughs. Now I know what a good walkthrough looks like. Let me give back and also document my own experience by building and writing and documenting and giving back to people that might find your walkthrough. And they're like, oh man, I'm so glad Steve did this walkthrough. This is gonna help me. I got to get past that monster and fallout. I don't know how to do it. Right. Um, yeah. So any any final thoughts, Steve?

SPEAKER_02

No, I mean, just like John said, cheating is okay except on your wife or husband. Um, but no, and when it comes to cybersecurity, it's not considered cheating, it's just considered, you know, using everything that's at your disposal to your benefit, right? You're trying to learn. So one of the many ways people learn is by continuously practicing the same stuff over and over and over and over again until they master it. And that's really what you would be doing here. But no, I mean, we have more examples for each one of these. Um so if you want the full list, it will be on our school channel or in our school community. Uh, so please join us there. If you're new and you don't know what that is, it's literally just a community that John and I built where there are other uh people like yourself that are either in cyber trying to get into cyber, transitioning over to cybersecurity, and they're just trying to find a community of people, like-minded people, to discuss wins, losses, heartaches, you name it. Uh, if you want some advice, just jump on there. We'd be happy to help with anything you you have. Um, we have some things coming up that we'll probably be announcing maybe on the next call, in the next uh recording or so, or maybe future down the line, some changes happening. It's all good stuff. It's all it's all great. So so yeah, that's it for me.

John

Yeah, and the link for the school community is in the description, right? It's in the top, so check it out. Um, it's just a way to get, I mean, you literally can connect with us and communicate with us, and we're we're direct messaging people, helping people in that community. So if you want to dig deeper, you want to get our our mentorship, our advice, then join in.

SPEAKER_02

It's free, right? Yep. We have a hangout every Friday uh where we just just jump on a call and we'll answer any question you may have, talk about any topic. Uh, we had one today and we talked about uh a breach that happened for a medical institution right down the road from us, and just helping someone else get some ideas on how they can get their foot in the door when it comes to cybersecurity. So, yeah, we talk about all kinds of stuff.

SPEAKER_03

Yep. All right, everybody.

John

Well, that's it. Thanks for listening.

SPEAKER_03

See you soon. Thank you for tuning in to today's episode of the Cybersecurity Mentors Podcast. Remember to subscribe to our podcast on your favorite platform so you get all the episodes.

John

Join us next time as we continue to unlock the secrets of cybersecurity mentorship.

SPEAKER_02

Have questions, topic ideas, or want to share your cybersecurity journey? Join our school community, the Cybersecurity Mentors, where you don't have to do this alone. Connect with us there and on YouTube. We'd love to hear from you. Until next time, I'm John Hoyt. And I'm Steve Higaretta. Thank you for listening.